Beliefs Gone Wild

14 May 2011

The human mind is a wondrous thing. It has uncovered the innermost secrets of the natural world; it’s created art and democracy; and even explored the depths of its own operations. But human minds can be filled to the brim with superstition, prejudice, and all kinds of falsehoods. Which brings us to today’s topic: Beliefs Gone Wild!

这些错误的信念从何而来?为什么我们有这么多的信仰与理性、证据和论证不同步?而且,如果有的话,我们能做些什么来防止虚假,同时增加我们相信的真实事物的储备呢?这是一个古老的问题——举几个例子,苏格拉底、柏拉图、笛卡尔、休谟、詹姆斯、杜威都提出过这个问题。有了这么多积累起来的哲学智慧——更不用说科学的进步、迷信的衰落、试图强迫公民相信谎言的专制政权的倒台——有了这么多的智力进步,你可能会认为,现在我们相信的真理比以前多了,谎言比以前少了。

And you might think that the election of Barack Obama to the Presidency shows that. I mean if I think back to my own youth -- not all that long ago, in the great scheme of things -- I’m astounded at the false things your average white American used to believe about your average black American. And now look where we are!

But I wouldn’t get too carried away with the thought that Obama’s presidency is proof that we’re slowly, but surely replacing old, worn-out false beliefs, with bright new shiny true beliefs. False beliefs and true beliefs always seem to co-exist in the human mind. Maybe we can shift the balance a little here and there, but I doubt we can totally eliminate falsehood. That’s because the human mind has two sides – a light side that invented science, the arts, and democracy, and a dark side prone to prejudice, self-deception, and other forms of irrationality. And that fact raises the question: If our minds are so messed up, how is it we dominate the planet and know more than all the rest of the animal kingdom combined?

“真倒霉,”我能听到约翰的回答。但我认为这与认知的社会结构有更大的关系。我的意思是,偶尔会有一些天才在认知方面取得惊人的成就——比如发明了微积分。多亏了我们向他人学习的能力——以及让这种学习越来越有可能实现的社会结构——我们这些笨蛋才得以随大流。

当然,正是这种社会结构使我们能够从别人那里学到真理,也使我们能够从别人那里学到错误的东西。想想刻板印象或迷信是如何代代相传的。更糟糕的是,关于我们思想的肮脏小秘密已经泄露了。这些知识让一些人利用我们的心理弱点,让我们相信各种疯狂的事情。

You see, we’ve gotten ourselves into a fine philosophical mess here. We’ve shown that the human mind is equal parts darkness and light. And there isn’t any obvious way to ensure the light wins out over the dark.

To help us out, we invited our guest, Michael Philips, who calls himself the Undercover Philosopher, to share some insights. He claims to have discovered the philosophical key to detecting shams, lies and delusions. And he put them in a book.

Comments(10)


Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, May 14, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

INSURANCE Interesting: belief, n, rationality n

INSURANCE
有趣:信仰,n,理性不是问题;相信,v,工具是理性。
Insurance is an excellent study in the workings of rationality and belief. Insurance is something that comforts our fears (beliefs and half-truths), until we actually use it (when all its disclaimers, exceptions and deductibles go into effect; plus the loss of all the premiums paid). Fears of loss cause the overemphasis of risks, and no actuarial table is used to calculate probabilities. Statistics are completely disregarded. Believe me, actual risk and actual loss amounts are more than paid for by premiums assessed.
Also never considered is the investing of the monthly premium to produce some return, and putting the fund aside, untouchable except in the event of a loss; and the compounding of the principal.

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, May 14, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

Superstition, prejudice and their negative off sho

Superstition, prejudice and their negative off shoots always seem to be with us in greater or lesser degree. Social evolution, like other forms, moves slowly and occasionally regresses when some crackpot or other asserts that he/she has discovered the next big thing: someone will buy into the scheme and someone else will follow. This is classic human behavior and has led us to some pretty wild beliefs. I won't mention any of those by name because libel/slander issues would be of no help.
Yes, we are pretty smart---getting smarter by most accounts. But there have always been those dark places in the human mind and crackpots to nuture them. For all of our progress and accumulation of knowledge, we still retain that reptilian brain which behavior science talks about. I suppose it is both blessing and curse.

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, May 14, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

After the light comes the dark, And after the dar

After the light comes the dark,
And after the dark the light,
Surely One knows One from the other,
正如一个人所知道的那样,他就是他自己。
=
MJA

Guest's picture

Guest

Sunday, May 15, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

When One builds his castle out of beliefs It is m

When One builds his castle out of beliefs
It is make-believe;
And when built with truth
Absolute.
=
MJA

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, May 16, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

The power of some beliefs can only stand if others

有些信仰的力量只有在别人相信它们的时候才会存在,就像货币一样。只有当我相信我手中的纸是有价值的,它才会对别人有力量。我想知道这是否以及如何植根于其他地方,比如金本位制。如果我们都使用虚拟货币而不是“真实”货币,系统会在哪里崩溃?为什么?

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, May 16, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

The reason why falsehood are rife is because we ha

The reason why falsehood are rife is because we have lost a sense of absoluteness. We have a culture of relativism. Anything and its opposite can be debated, justified and portrayed as 'true'. What I have noticed as I have gotten older, is that if the truth cannot be twisted. Then people with an agenda simply lie. Look at all the 9/11 conspiracy theories as a case in point.

Guest's picture

Guest

Wednesday, May 18, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

Liked Mr. Savinar's analogy. I have always conside

Liked Mr. Savinar's analogy. I have always considered insurance to be a form of usury or perhaps more bluntly stated: legalized extortion. Society believes it must protect itself from the irresponsible among its participants. This is a government-sanctioned business that is worth billions and costs billions. Does the fact that we believe in insurance make it rational? No, not really. But don't try to live without insurance unless you plan to live alone and far away from all of those who have it. And good luck with that---you will need it.

Guest's picture

Guest

Thursday, May 19, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

有一个男人(或女人?)在那里说话

有一个男人(或女人?)在那里说话ng about something he/she calls the historionic effect. What the hell is that? And if it is different from anything accepted as philosophy, why hasn't anyone tried to contact him/her? I keep seeing this reference popping up on blogs I read and enjoy. Many philosophers have been laughed at, derided, and/or ultimately discredited. So, who is this, uh, maverick? What are established practitioners making of the inuendo, and if nothing, why? I have been reading other chatter on the www. It is getting interesting, so, what do YOU think?

Harold G. Neuman's picture

Harold G. Neuman

Saturday, May 21, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

约翰·苏特说对了,不是吗?Belief is a

约翰·苏特说对了,不是吗?信念是一种强大的力量,因为我们赋予它力量。无论我们信仰的是上帝、政治意识形态还是芝加哥小熊队(芝加哥小熊队怎么说呢?),我们的信仰力量甚至会赋予那些虚无的东西以实质。我们在这篇文章中的评论并没有解决世界上的问题。但我认为,我们已经确定了这些问题的一个主要原因。哦,还有历史效应?我不确定我的理解是否正确,但“神秘哲学家”似乎在宣称的要点是,如果你总是做你一直在做的事情,你就会一直得到你一直得到的东西。
It might be a lot deeper than that simple nostrum---I don't know. But if we consider everything that we do and try to get to the 'why' of all that, simplicity might be the best immediate route. Sure, reptiles have brains. We know this. But what do they think about? Probably not much. Certainly not God. Or politics. Or the Chicago Cubs.

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, May 23, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

I think age-old beliefs are rooted in us as we gro

I think age-old beliefs are rooted in us as we grow up. Our parents and the society cast such big influences in us that sometimes it's hard to get away from such thinking.
The only way to get away from such "social structures" is to have an open mind, which isn't easy. But by educating our kids, I think we can head in a right direction.