Black Solidarity

05 February 2012

February is Black History Month. So we thought it might be a good time to do an episode on Black Solidarity. Now I admit that this topic may seem to be a bit, shall we say, 20thcentury. When this country still suffered from rampant racism, it made perfect sense for black people to band together on the basis of their shared history and experience to fight it. But now, in the 21stcentury? in the age of Obama? Why should we bother with matters racial anymore?

如果你有这样的反应,你可能会持有一种观点——一种我并不真正认同的观点——种族主义或多或少是过去的事情了。也许你认为奥巴马真的帮助我们进入了一个后种族时代!我说了,我自己也不相信。但我确实认为种族在这个国家已经不像过去那样重要了。在过去的糟糕日子里,种族主义无处不在地对抗和阻挠黑人。谢天谢地,我们已经不住在那个国家了。

当然,这样说并不是否认还有很多事情对黑人的生活产生了不成比例的负面影响——我们糟糕的学校、工作从城市中心流失、失控的监狱系统。Those are 21stcentury racial ills that give black people plenty of reasons to band together, to band togetherasblack people, in solidarity with one another.

But before we get too far down the track of defending the enduring relevance of black solidarity, we should say something about the very idea of “blackness.” What is this thing that solidarity demands that black people unite around? Now that turns out to be a complicated thing. Black people are a pretty diverse lot. In fact, there’s no one thing that black people all share that makes us all black people – not skin color, not genetic make up, not cultural heritage, not political outlook. “Black” is what Wittgenstein calls a family resemblance term -- like the term ‘game’. Just as games come in all shapes and sizes, with no common essence, so do we black people.

如果你是那些认为黑人团结是passé并且不再被呼吁的人中的一员,你可以看到刚才所说的只是为你自己的争论火上浇油。这是因为根据我所说的,两个任意的黑人之间的共同点可能比任意一个人与非黑人之间的共同点要少。以两个中上阶层的专业人士为例——一个是黑人,一个是白人——他们上的是同一所精英学校,住在同一个乡村郊区。他们彼此之间的共同点可能比任何一个没有受过良好教育、没有充分就业、贫穷的人——黑人或白人——的共同点都要多。现在你可能会问,黑人团结到底是为了什么?And the worry is that there is really no there, there.

我认为很难否认刚刚提出的观点我们可以称之为黑人的单薄本质——所有黑人都没有什么实质性的共同之处,他们都被认为是黑人。但种族只是稀粥,并不意味着种族不重要。无论种族因素有多稀薄,它仍然会在很大程度上影响你进入我们前面提到的那所精英学校的机会。因此,尽管种族是稀粥,不再是我们社会和政治生活的全部和结束的偏执狂,它仍然重要。因为种族仍然重要,种族团结仍然是重要和有效的。

But let’s see where this thought really leads for a bit. Suppose that our two upper-middle-class professionals each wants to help ameliorate the plight of the poor. Would it be alright for each of them to have a special concern for the members of their own race, rather than for the poor in general?

My own gut instinct is to say that it’s perfectly fine for the privileged black guy to have a special concern for disadvantaged black people out of a sense of black solidarity. Actually, I have to admit that I’d actually be bothered if he didn’t feel a sense of racial solidarity. As for the white guy and his racial solidarity for his poor white brethren, I have to admit that I find the very idea of white solidarity quite disturbing.

So what’s the difference? First it seems to me that the well-to-do black guy’s solidarity with his disadvantaged brethren is a morally legitimate response to race-based oppression. By contrast, the privileged white guy’s solidarity with his less well-off brethren feels like an attempt to sort of propagate white privilege downward.

当然,我刚才所做的区分似乎是假定一个处于不利地位的白人比处于不利地位的黑人处于不利地位的程度要小。在某种程度上,这似乎是正确的。这是因为不管白人有什么其他的经济或社会劣势,他至少不是种族上的劣势。

Now I suppose that one could say that it’s quite a stretch to say that some sort of racial privilege is associated with being poor, white and undereducated in America in the 21stcentury. That might have been true in the bad old Jim Crow days of “colored” restrooms in gas stations and the like. In those days, racism offered every white person a chance to feel racially superior to every black person, no matter how educated or well off the black person was in comparison with the white person. But those days seem to be gone. And they seem to be gone at least partly because the global economy is grinding down our working class, black and white, without regard to racial differences. When it comes to that, we’re all in that struggle together. At any rate, no left-over sense of racial privilege is likely to provide the battered white working class very much comfort in the face of the stiff downdraft of globalism.

Perhaps if you start thinking this way, racial solidarity – in particular, black solidarity -- can seem a far less urgent thing than it once was. Why shouldn’t we care more about achieving economic equality and justice for all, without regard to race? Why don’t we just leave racial solidarity aside as an irrelevant relic of a by gone racialized past.

我希望有那么简单。我真的。但我不这么认为。这并不是否认人人享有经济平等和公正的理想的重要性,甚至是压倒一切的重要性。我与那些被全球主义拖垮的美国同胞们绝对有一种深深的民族团结感。但为什么我不能两全其美呢。为什么不能,例如,与我同胞的民族团结和黑人团结一起存在?种族团结当然不是唯一值得关注的团结形式。但这是一种值得关注的团结。

Of course, this makes things immensely more complicated, doesn’t it? What happens when different forms of solidarity pull you in different directions? Which form of solidarity is more important and why? These are hard and important questions. And I hope we can make some progress toward answering them during the episode. Give a listen and see if we do!


Photo byMattia FalorettionUnsplash

Comments(14)


Guest's picture

Guest

Sunday, February 5, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

Uniting by color divides by

Uniting by color divides by color.
Where as uniting everything divides nothing.
God is not black or white.
One is simply everything,
Truth is most beautifully and equitably All.
=

Guest's picture

Guest

Sunday, February 5, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

I suppose I am just tired of

我想我只是厌倦了这一切。平等权利。平等的机会。法律平等对待。这一切都没有真正发生,尽管存在种族问题。最低限度的或不合格的黑人、白人、亚洲人和所有其他类别的人仍然得到工作,而更适合的人则被拒之门外,以确保平等为幌子。问题是,当我们采取这些积极的(或积极的)步骤时,我们自动地确保了某种程度的平庸,从而确保了某些人的平等将抵消其他人的平等。当然,我们宁愿伸出援手,也不愿伸出援手。一些人说这很有效。有人说没有。 And this division creates another set of issues, which is where we are---in case no one has noticed-or wishes to admit that. Further affiant sayeth not...
Oh, there is another related matter I hope your blog may tackle. Job qualifications vs. unassociated education credentials, i.e. why is it that someone with a Doctorate degree in Art or Drama can out-point an individual who has years of experience in a non-related area of expertise, but lacks the phD? I suspect there are many who have experienced this enigma (it is rampant in state government) and would like to know why it seems to be SOP. (If I did not state this clearly, perhaps it is because I lack the phD---chuckle, chuckle...)

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, February 6, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

In a story similar to Henry

In a story similar to Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'s arrest, I am the partner of an African-American high-level professional who was falsely arrested while going about everyday business (banking). Betrayed by the criminal justice system in which she has worked for 25 years, this devastating incident (now in federal appellate court) certainly affects her first and foremost - but I think those who intimately love also have "skin in the game" (I thought she was dead in a car accident when she was just disappeared for half a day for no reason other than her skin color). Our (adopted) African-American son also suffers the change in his mother - who since 18 months will register the pain even if he can't yet understand what happened, or if we had any, so would our white children. I don't think the despair in our society is reserved only for those who are directly affected. I can't think what we have if not solidarity against random acts of misplaced authority based on racial discrimination. I, as a white person, have suffered by anti-black racism my whole life (growing up in El Segundo - famous for refusing to sell a house to Red Foxx). An racist, all white town is a disgusting place to grow up. Moving to "liberal' San Francisco or Cambridge or reaching the heights of one's career does not remove one from the pain of the unchecked anti-Black racism whether you're white or black.

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, February 6, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

It is true that if you have

It is true that if you have not lived it, or seen it up close and personal, you cannot credibly write about it. Looks like Kathleen has lived it, on more than a racial level---she admits being white. She also implies she and her partner are homosexual...unless I have read her comment incorrectly. My sympathies are divided between Armchair Ph and the Kathleens in this world. And somewhere else in between, whereever that may be. But we have gone astray from your original post, haven't we? And, that may have been unavoidable, because there are many more issues today, beyond the matter of racial solidarity. The problems facing modern societies are mind-boggling. Much of the time, we have little time, energy and where-with-all to take it all in, much less concoct strategies that might resolve any of it.
A few years ago, I considered, with amusement, a number of the mission statements of charitable trusts and benevolent foundations---there are so many of them. I questioned several of these, via email inquiries, Bill and Melinda Gates changed theirs, as did the Melville Charitable Trust. I doubt that my inquiries, alone, had much of an effect. Still, it was, uh---affirming?, that the seeming self-serving and inane mission-aries might be transformed when someone like little me raised a question. Historionic effect is alive and flourishing, regardless of what anyone chooses to call it. I predict it will finally be distilled and rationally addressed-by someone with accepted credentials-before 2050. I'll be way dead by then. I'm already 64---so, there THAT is.
骆驼打了个呵欠,准备睡觉了。

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, February 6, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

So---why isn't there a white

So---why isn't there a white history month? Or a Hispanic history month? Asian history? American Indian history? Irish history?---you get this, right? Or maybe not. Sorry. This stuff gets tedious---quickly.

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, February 6, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

All thinking involves making

All thinking involves making distinctions and discriminations. The difference between the two is important (though many dictionaries treat them as synonyms). Making a distinction involves drawing a boundary that sets something apart from everything else; making a discrimination involves giving value to a distinction. The problem with racial discrimination is not in making a distinction and a discrimination but, as the term is usually applied, in doing so improperly through ignorance or malice. Thus, racial or ethnic solidarity is not improper if not carried to extremes whereas oppression on the same basis is wrong.

Guest's picture

Guest

Tuesday, February 7, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

Why should we bother with

我们为什么还要操心种族问题?????好吧,我们为什么要再纠结于性取向的问题呢?或者有人称之为“文化顽固性”的问题?可悲的是,(或者不是),我们必须为许多本应在我出生之前就解决的事情而烦恼。一些德国哲学家纠结于一种叫做“意志”的东西。他们的斗争,意见;经验和观察似乎没有受到重视。可是——总有更要紧的事;比我们15分钟前处理的紧迫/关键的事情更重要的事情。
The human will is an interesting enigma: it waxes and wanes with fad and fashion. And if you do not follow my story here---wait a bit. It took me four and one-half decades TO BEGIN to get it. I have just recently discerned why it is that people distrust or violently disagree with modern philosophers: they do not want to admit the truths that are being revealed. Why? Well, as Al Gore said, truth is sometimes, uh, inconvenient. Ain't that a bitch? AMG (Ach, Mein Gott) Ha, ha, hah. (yawn)
We have an incredibly short attention span for such intellectually advanced animals. Yeah. Pretty much.

Guest's picture

Guest

Wednesday, February 8, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

If you want to be a lover,

If you want to be a lover, you've got to be a fighter!
A bully, or anyone so inclined to take advantage of another, will most likely consider cooperation only after you have them on the ground with their arm behind their back.
On the societal level this means laws to protect people. On the personal level it means both 'solidarity' of people of good will, and public displays of courage by strong charactered individuals, to keep the many 'weak charactered' people from being swept up in momentum created by dominant people of ill will.
Of the two aspects of racism that get the most attention i.e., superficiality, and ill-will, ill will is the perennial challenge that always threatens the vulnerable whenever there is an opportunity. And this is the key.
I have not read the guests book, but I suspect the problem he is trying to address is the knowledge that no matter how much progress we make, there are still lots of people, in any majority, who would take advantage of a minority if they could get away with it. [The tables could be turned racially and it would be the same problem.] A few 'bullies' and a vast pool of weak charactered people - in any majority - always pose a threat. You need allies. The natural allies are other members of the minority, hence 'black solidarity'. BUT, it is the people of good will in the majority that can often be most effective at taking on the bullies in their group and influencing the many people that can be swayed by them.
恃强凌弱的问题不可能一劳永逸地解决。善意的人,....总是有工作要做。

Guest's picture

Guest

Friday, February 10, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

Confirming Ken's claim that

Confirming Ken's claim that President Obama really has not helped to usher us into a post-racial age, Kevin Alexander Gray, civil rights activist, in an interview I watched this morning, while drinking coffee, and smoking, addressed the GOP?s use of racial-politics, in this years election. It is obvious the Far-Right is on the rise...so these racial-politics are working...very alarming! Both Newt and Santorum made blunt racist metaphors, and John King never called them out on this. For example, Jimmy Crater said on CNN: ?Now, Gingrich, in the South Carolina debate?I watched part of it, watched the first half of it. I think he has that subtlety of racism that I know quite well and that?He knows, as well, the words that you use, like "welfare mamas" and so forth, that have been appealing in the past in those days when we cherished segregation of the races.? CNN is then compliant in racist speech! CNN is airing bigotry out in the open and no one even cares...except me...I was the only one pointing these facts out on twitter while watching the debate! Governor of Texas Rick Perry said before he existed the election, "It?s important that we construct a campaign in which we have a sharp, bright contrast to Barack Obama." And then he went on to say, "We don?t need a lighter version of Obama?"
此外,一个失控的监狱系统,其种族主义明显如下。黑人有很多理由团结在一起,与99%的人团结在一起。最近一篇关于非洲裔美国人被大规模监禁的分析。现在有更多的非裔美国人被关进监狱?无论是在监狱还是监狱,在缓刑还是假释?比1850年的奴隶还多。在美国被监禁的非裔美国人的百分比,比种族隔离最严重的南非还要多。

Harold G. Neuman's picture

Harold G. Neuman

Friday, February 10, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

'Round and 'round we go--

'Round and 'round we go---where we stop, nobody knows. After reading all the comments attending this post, I am confused by statements and re-statements of obvious facts. Now, I do not expect anyone to give away any secrets that might somehow sell a book---if I had any, I would not do so. Still, statements of fact and statistical proofs(?) are not helpful: "There are more African Americans, percentage-wise...";...so what? During apartheid, blacks were simply exterminated....Ernie's point, if well-intended, is lost. If I should ever be able to write that book, I'll be sure to include this notion in some form or another: We have managed to get ourselves where we are because we planned to do so, ergo, we have no one to blame if we do not like the outcome.
(Is this Historionic Effect? Looks like it...)

Guest's picture

Guest

Friday, February 10, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

Harold G.;

Harold G.;
I agree, I think, that we tend to chase our tails - round and round - when trying to deal with the perennial aspects of abuse done to others, with race as an associated element. Would you critique my comment specifically? Thanks.

Harold G. Neuman's picture

Harold G. Neuman

Saturday, February 11, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

Dear David W.

Dear David W.
我不认为有什么可以批评的,因为我基本上同意你的评估。种族主义又回到了我所听说的“文化难解性”,并适用于所有人类差异,无论是基于肤色的差异;宗教多样性或其他六种引起分裂的因素中的任何一种,这些因素使一个群体从另一个群体中分离出来。克里斯托弗·希钦斯在写《上帝并不伟大》时遭到了敬畏上帝的人们的尖刻批评……但他只是按照自己的看法来称呼它。如果你这样做就注定了;如果你不这么做,那就完蛋了。我认为你的评论是理性的、清晰的——我也试图构建自己的评论。如果我们这样做就注定了;如果我们不这么做就完蛋了,是吗?
Warmest,
HGN

Guest's picture

Guest

Tuesday, February 14, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

Folks like Wittgenstein are

Folks like Wittgenstein are irrelevant in the dialogue regarding race. Neuman (or some other crackpot) said something about living a truth before one might know it. Yes, I think that is, itself, true. The thing that annoys me is the ongoing pot-boiling, stew-stirring that goes on regarding certain hot buttons of civilized man. A few of those, itemized are as follow:
Race; racism; racial injustice; racial inequality etc: Those Black folks who have wanted to do well and be successful in American society, have somehow succeeded; against seeming insurmountable odds. Many of them, some highly-placed, railed against the concept and application of affirmative action. That policy, though now effectively dead, helped deserving Blacks, as well as some who were not so much. I have opined on this before, so, there need not be further opinion from me. But, just for perspective, think: Clarence Thomas.
Aside: I lost seven years of my own future because of a war I in which I refused to participate. Never got those years back. There are thousands like me...others were better prepared---or luckier.
Abortion; the Catholic Church; Right-to-Life; Planned Parenthood: Why can't we simply make our own decisions about our lives, without seeking APPROVAL from someone, some body, or some other nebulous force, er, farce, er force? Can it be that adults are so naive, so as to believe they have no control over their own lives, or is it true that they have given up their autonomy to institutions they themselves have sanctioned? Chasing our tails appears to be a perverse (masochistic?) trait----brought on by? (historionic effect?)---hmmmmmm.
同性恋和其他性别混淆的问题:如上所述,这个难题几乎和前者一样普遍。保守的爱管闲事的人如此确定,厌恶将破坏人类的(基因)生殖动力,他们只是受不了自己。这一点,再加上越轨行为的存在在政治舞台上发挥了如此大的作用。现在来吧。这一切有那么可怕吗?不。它不是。它只是政治和神学上的绝望、哀嚎和咬牙切齿的素材。
长大了,美国人。偏执狂、堕胎主义者和同性恋者不会让美国崩溃。还有更糟糕的事情在发生。但是,你真的需要我来告诉你吗?你做了吗?哦,天哪——我们迷路了。

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, February 18, 2012 -- 4:00 PM

Small comment: If you have

Small comment: If you have not, read Stephen J. Gould's little book: Rocks of Ages, science and religion in the fullness of life, LOCT, 1999. It says a lot about us and the war between science and religion, in very few words.
NOMA makes a lot of sense. Well, to me anyway.