The Occult Philosophy

29 October 2010

我们本周的主题是神秘哲学。如今,我们倾向于认为那些相信神秘主义的人是思想温和、迷信、新时代的嬉皮士,他们宁愿与想象中的神秘力量交流,也不愿面对冰冷、严酷的科学事实。但情况并非一直如此。例如,在文艺复兴时期,炼金术、占星术、白魔法、赫尔墨斯主义、卡巴拉、命理学等东西被欧洲一些最优秀的头脑深入研究。那个时期的文学作品经常充斥着对神秘事物的提及。莎士比亚的作品就是一个很好的例子。你甚至可以说,对神秘学的研究曾经在欧洲部分地区占文化主导地位。虽然神秘学在今天被文化边缘化,成为反科学的官话,但许多科学历史学家相信,神秘学的研究在现代科学本身的发展中发挥了至关重要的作用。炼金术催生了化学,占星术催生了天文学。

That’s not entirely surprising if you think about the meaning of the word ‘occult.’ On one meaning – no doubt the most common meaning, the word ‘occult’ means “Of, relating to, or dealing with supernatural influences, agencies, or phenomena.” That, of course, is the very opposite of what science deals with. But the word ‘occult’ has another meaning --- “secret, concealed or hidden from view” as in “occult causes.” That’s a more old fashioned use of the word ‘occult’. You find it used that way in 16thand 17th世纪哲学文本。现在没有多少人用' occult '来表示秘密或隐藏的。但在文艺复兴时期,神秘学的学生们主要致力于发现、理解和操纵宇宙万物的隐藏原因。在某种程度上,他们的目标与现代科学非常一致。

Of course, their heir methods were quite weird, by our contemporary lights -- a veritable witches brew of religious mysticism, metaphysical speculation and magic. Or to put it differently, Renaissance thinkers thought that that the occult in the sense of the hidden causes of everything included agencies and phenomena that were occult in the sense of supernatural. So although the Occult Sciences and Philosophy of the Renaissance may have been forerunners of modern science, they were not scientific by today’s standards. Modern science has no truck with the supernatural.

最终,神秘主义的实践和哲学被推入西方文化的阴影。毫无疑问,这在一定程度上是由于科学革命的巩固。但事实并非如此。宗教上对神秘学也有强烈的抵制,尤其是在新教改革之后。神秘主义哲学不仅从基督教神学,而且从异教和东方信仰自由地汲取。神秘实践似乎既非正统,显然,威胁到教会。因此,神秘学被认为是黑暗和邪恶的力量。它的信徒受到强烈的宗教迫害。他们经常被折磨和处决。一些历史学家甚至将这一时期大量的女巫狂热称为一种大屠杀。

But let’s jump ahead to today. Despite the dismissive attitude of people who may be overly awed by science, some apparently sane people still believe in the occult. And thankfully, we don’t burn people at the stake for practicing a little witchcraft anymore. And to top it off, we’re recording this episode on a Halloween Sunday. For those reasons and more there couldn’t, I think, be a better thing for us at Philosophy Talk to be doing today than asking where our ideas of the occult came from and examining how those ideas got driven from the center of Western culture to its margins. It should be a fun and fascinating hour. But since neither John nor I is adept at either occult theory or occult practices, we’ve used the white magic of radio to conjure ourselves up some help. We’ll be joined by one the world leading experts on the history of occult theory and practice – that would be Christopher Lehrich, author of,The Occult Mind: Magic in Theory and Practice.It should be a fun and informative hour. So why don’t you join us too?


Photo byJen TheodoreonUnsplash

Comments(6)


Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, October 30, 2010 -- 5:00 PM

Nevermind the occult, some folks today think of ph

Nevermind the occult, some folks today think of philosophy as soft-headed, hippie-type, new-age superstition. Be this as it may, philosophy has achieved a measure of evolutionary respect in academic circles and among others of us who think and who think about that activity (thinking). It also makes for interesting conversation and exchange of ideas for those of us who tire quickly of college football; social networking;political campaigning and other cultural brouhaha.
But, all that said,fascination with the occult has stood the test of time. Why is this? Hard to determine with certainty, but I'll offer the simplest and perhaps most compelling opinion: maybe it is because we are soft-headed, new-age, superstitious hippie-types. Perhaps we still value mystery, intrigue and a sense of wonder about things we cannot rationally explain? Is this another example of historionic effect? Maybe so. Or maybe we have just gotten used to it---because that is one of the outcomes of historionic effect and one reason for its propensity to affect our will, cloud our minds and shape our cultures. It ties into and alters every aspect of who we are and what we do. More later...if the spirit moves me.

Harold G. Neuman's picture

Harold G. Neuman

Monday, November 1, 2010 -- 5:00 PM

Occult philoso?hy? What? The stuff of black death,

Occult philoso?hy? What? The stuff of black death, superstition and general mayhem. This nonsense reminds us of our unenlightened primitivity and the unevolved state which we somehow revere as essential to that state in which we now reside. I think Heisenberg is right, somehow, with his theorem concerning what he calls historionic effect. I don't know what it is, but might know it if I saw it---or was that pornography?
You be the judge.

Guest's picture

Guest

Friday, November 12, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

On the statement concerning the relationship of th

On the statement concerning the relationship of the occult to modern science: Hitler lost and Yogi Berra said: when you come to a fork in the road, take it. The discovery and control of fire enabled us to survive the elements and cook our food, which enabled us to live better, longer and more comfortably. Thinking caused us to invent the occult; the inability to think clearly caused our superstitions. For every fork in the road we have taken, we have prospered and suffered, and this is how it is, has been and will be. Prove me wrong if you will. It won't matter, because we will all be dead by then. My garage is looking better with new paint and all.
Philosophers will remain social anomalies, as they have always been. Don't you hate when that happens? I know I do.

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, October 22, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

Yesterday before the Colorado

Yesterday before the Colorado Buffaloes Oregon Ducks football game I asked people I encountered if when they got home they would try to find a stuffed duck or rubber duck and stick a pin in it for me. For personel reasons I dearly wished for a CO win. Alas either no one found a duck to stick or black magic doesn't work because the Ducks killed the Buffs in what some call a game.
Maybe you have to say a chant or something too, does anyone know?
=
MJA

Guest's picture

Guest

Wednesday, November 2, 2011 -- 5:00 PM

By chance I tuned in to the

一次偶然的机会,我收听了你们节目的后半部分,和Christopher Lehrich讨论科学和神秘学。我认为他见多识广,谈吐得体。
A point that is often overlooked in such discussions is that the most basic forces of nature that are studied by science, such as gravity and magnetism, are themselves magical and miraculous. The only difference between these forces and levitation, for example, is that the former are commonplace and seemingly inevitable, while the latter is either uncommon or nonexistenent, depending on whether or not you seem to have experienced it. If you play with the similar poles of two magnets and feel that uncanny, elastic, repulsive force, it is as magical and occult as anything you can imagine. It is clearly impossible, yet there it is! Scientists can describe it and measure the "force field" mathematically, but they cannot actually explain it. It just IS. The same with gravity. We experience it every moment, we take it for granted and call it WEIGHT. Only the experience of astronauts in orbit can pierce that illusion of "normalcy." There is no reason at all why bodies floating in space should attract each other. They just DO.
Even matter, that most solid and "normal" basis of everyday life, evaporates into incomprehensible entities that are more like "force fields" or "packets of energy" the deeper you investigate and dissect it. "Energy" itself is incomprehensible and inexplicable. It is just a word we use to denote something that is elusive and phantasmal, yet commonplace and inevitable.
从这个非常真实的意义上说,科学只是对日常神秘和神奇现实的调查、描述和测量。

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, November 19, 2011 -- 4:00 PM

I have been more than ten

I have been more than ten years investigating on Abderrahman Ibn Khaldun's ideas and theories about supernatural perceptions, which come from the occult (al ghayb). It is in him a field very rich, with remarkable notes on methodology, reasoning, and philosophy of mind. Even if the perspective of him who approaches these themes in that author is not merely historical, it has something very interesting to say about the experiences in that field of a really strange reality. Among many things I have been struck with as curious on what he says about the supernatural, what is most astonishing is when he describes the behaviour and symptoms of people who will have supernatural revelations. Though he is talking about islamic people, and writes in the XIV century, many of the things he says could be acknowledged and approved by mystics and saints of many religions in the past and nowadays. The book in which he writes about these themes (in an incidental way, because he writes mainly about theory of history) is his famous Al-Muqaddima, at the end of the introduction, the 6th prefatory discussion.