Philosophy as Therapy

23 October 2014

A lot of philosophers I knowneedtherapy. I can’t think of too many I know I would want to be my therapist, however. What do philosophers know about therapy? But leave philosophers aside for a minute. How about philosophy itself?

我们必须承认人们有很多非理性的信念,这些信念会导致各种各样的不快乐:焦虑、恐惧、抑郁,以及需要治疗的这类事情。因此,如果哲学能削弱那些不合理的信念,从而消除焦虑、恐惧和抑郁,我们就有了哲学疗法。这并不意味着每个哲学家都适合做治疗师。但摆脱非理性信念的活动可以起到治疗作用。

The Stoics thought their philosophy could remove irrational fears and be therapeutic. I knew Admiral Stockdale, the fellow who spent the longest time in a North Vietnamese prison during the Viet Nam War. He was a hero, enduring incredible hardships with courage and aplomb, and organizing and encouraging other prisoners. He credited his courage and resolve to the study of Epictetus’Enchiridion这件事教会了他认识到意识到什么在你的掌控之中,什么不在你的掌控之中的重要性,尽你所能做到前者,而不要担心后者。我想对他来说,禁欲主义是一种治疗,实际上是救命。

So philosophycanbe therapeutic. Certain beliefs about the world and your place in it --- philosophies, if you will --- can, given your situation, exacerbate your anxieties and fears. Other beliefs might have the opposite affect. So those philosophies will be, for you at that time, therapeutic.

But when this occurs, isn’t it just good luck? Philosophy is the love of and search for truth, right? But who is to say that this search will lead you to the helpful beliefs rather than the ones that make things worse? There are lots of unhappy agnnostics who were perfectly happy religious people, until they started doing philosophy and lost their faith. Was philosophy therapy for them?

Philosophy should help make our beliefs more rational. Won’t that be essentially therapeutic? It’s an old idea that it is great to know the truth, for the truth sets you free. And the unexamined life is not worth living, according to Socrates. But I have doubts about that. Are there any good arguments for it? I’ve seen a lot of people with unexamined lives that seemed perfectly fine. And sometimes the truth sets you free to be miserable. Who is to say that illusions can’t do as well or better a lot of the time, when it comes to ridding us of fear and anxiety?

假设我们承认,至少对大多数人来说,大多数时候,他们的恐惧和焦虑更有可能通过了解他们的真实处境来缓解,所以哲学作为发现这一点的一种帮助,是有帮助的。哲学家应该像治疗师一样挂出带状疱疹的想法还有很大的进步。但这是发生!现在至少有两个哲学治疗师的专业协会。我持怀疑态度。在我看来,如果这些人是利大于弊,那也是偶然的。但也许在节目中与肯和我们的嘉宾大卫·康斯坦讨论之后,我的想法会改变。


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Comments(10)


ryoudelman@gmail.com's picture

ryoudelman@gmail.com

Thursday, October 23, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

Are you familiar with 'Plato,

你熟悉《柏拉图,不是百忧解:将永恒的智慧应用于日常问题》这本书吗?
我查了一下他(应该说是谷歌了一下),我看到他还在努力。You can arrange a counseling session with him via Skype!

Guest's picture

Guest

Thursday, October 23, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

Our Roving Philosophical

Our Roving Philosophical Reporter spoke to Lou Marinoff as part of her piece for this episode!

N. Bogdanov's picture

N. Bogdanov

Friday, October 24, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

John, I?m really looking

John, I?m really looking forward to hearing this show on Sunday! Before it goes out though, I want to put down some thoughts based on your above post. The first thing that comes to mind when I hear ?philosophy? and ?therapy? is a phrase that I?ve started using more and more frequently: I?m fairly certain that the instance of mental health issues among philosophy majors is higher than amongst most other majors. I can speak from my own experience only, of course, but from this experience as well as from conversation with fellow philosophy majors, philosophy seems to play some causal role in mental illness, whether that be creating problems where they didn?t exist, or in pushing predispositions into actual manifestations. (Where philosophy is understood both as a method and as something that can influence our approach to life at the most fundamental level.)
There are two ways in which I see this happening, corresponding to the above understandings of philosophy. The first is that philosophy, as a discipline, requires the extended and rigorous use and development of one?s reasoning abilities. Arguably disciplines such as math and physics do so as well, but I think the rigor in philosophy is particularly relevant because it operates exclusively through language, and not (generally) through mathematics. Soon enough, it seems like thinking philosophically creeps out of the classroom and into other aspects of one?s life. But to think deeply about everything is not only exhausting, it also leads to stress and mental health issues.
Second, as you point out above, philosophy has the power to alter one?s beliefs, to guide one to an ultimate truth, if such a truth exists. But for many of us, to arrive at truth is to eschew those false beliefs upon which most others and we generally operate. ?Ignorance is bliss,? as they say, is particularly apt at describing this situation. And if philosophy is to inform more than just our understanding of the society in which we live?if it is to inform our view of how the world is organized?it has the power to shatter more than just our beliefs. I?m thinking specifically here about how it can inform our view of the meaning of life. What if everything is meaningless? Why go on? Tim Ruggiero captures this sentiment particularly well in his Philosophy and Depression.
But for those struggling from an existential depression, perhaps it is the philosopher-therapist alone who can succeed in meaningfully conversing with them?
期待很快听到更多!

ryoudelman@gmail.com's picture

ryoudelman@gmail.com

Friday, October 24, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

Wow! Can't wait to hear this

Wow! Can't wait to hear this one!

Guest's picture

Guest

Sunday, October 26, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

There was an interesting

During the broadcast there was an interesting email from Jo that we didn't have time to get to on the air:
"It seems that many Americans are currently using Buddhist and Daoist philosophies in a therapeutic way. The core ideas--that suffering is inevitable in life, and that our attachment to our stories of who we are simply increases suffering in the world--are in some ways directly opposed to the Western therapeutic tradition, yet are clearly attractive to many."

Or's picture

Or

Wednesday, October 29, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

A belief and its relationship

A belief and its relationship to a therapeutic outcome cannot ever be at the same level as philosophy. Beliefs, whether rational (based on previous experiences) or irrational (no evidence sustaining that belief), don?t challenge your mind to think beyond the belief itself, as philosophy does, and encourage that one stick to the commonality of the situation that encounters that belief. This therefore maintains that belief is per se the activity that actually reduces the anxiety, fear, and other such feelings because it comes to be the known situation. Philosophy would disrupt that.

MJA's picture

MJA

Thursday, October 30, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

You can learn a lot from the

You can learn a lot from the old Greeks, but not everything.
正是对真理的探索把我引向了哲学,哲学在这条路上帮了我大忙。从德谟克利特和柏拉图的洞穴,苏格拉底的问题,到笛卡尔和寻找我,我是谁?这把我引向伟大的东方大师和万物一体。从那里我进入了物理学,爱因斯坦教我简单和他对统一的探索,以及海森堡关于测量不确定性的知识。你必须对科学也有信心,你知道吗?说到信仰,我尝试了宗教,发现他们的屋顶需要修理,所以我推翻了他们的钱桌,转而学习数学。事实就是这样,这个等式比想象的要简单得多……塞内卡让我了解了《财富》杂志和马库斯。然后杰斐逊、林肯和富兰克林带来了自由和平等,非常感谢甘地先生和金牧师。是米开朗基罗带我去了那条河,在那里,真理就在那里,然后去了斯坦福和伯克利,教育,在那里一些美丽的落叶给我证明,我需要的就是一切。
Thanks philosophy and every One else, you were good therapy for me, =

Guest's picture

Guest

Thursday, October 30, 2014 -- 5:00 PM

I think that definitely

我认为哲学绝对可以是一种治疗。真正有问题的是治疗这个词。导致治疗师产生的研究是在哲学之外的一个领域,并且是基于哲学的,我们知道心理学及其进步确实与神经科学和医学领域的问题联系在一起。

If your mind were to be changed, I would have to wonder if philosophy might have to align itself with the progresses of it's own progress. It may be crucial in life areas like bipolar illness and depression, in autism; and maybe it would be preliminary work for a psychologist, and maybe to a psychologist, philosophy does very little. I would think that a very narrow expression (an irrational fear or triumph for a singular event, and the reasons behind it, or some other narrow range of expression, identification...) would lead one to assume the progress one psychologist could make is incredible and can span outside of problems.

I bet there's an open market for philosophers to encourage a specified outcome. I would think that placebos would be an amazing, profitable, and rewarding aspect of development lead by philosophers. Guiding attentions.

adham's picture

adham

Friday, June 26, 2015 -- 5:00 PM

hello i wanted to know how

hello i wanted to know how can i get what i want? i seem to be a failure at this point even tho i have been successful in the recent time but still it isnt enough for me i want more i feel constrained by god i need to know how can i fight god :(

Berangaria Martineau's picture

Berangaria Martineau

Sunday, December 16, 2018 -- 10:36 PM

Philosophy as a therapy has

Philosophy as a therapy has helped many people that are going through depression, anxiety or stress. People going through depression does not necessarily need medications, also it is not good for health. One of my friend was in depression from a long time and the treatment he was taking was not effective at all. There are many practical and different ways for everyone to deal with depression. One can also consult to some Professional like Voyante Sérieuse (http://www.martine-voyance.com/consultation) for help, like my friend did. This helped him a lot.