Bodies for Sale
Aug 12, 2010我们本周的话题是“出售的尸体”。在大多数发达国家,买卖重要器官是非法的。但全球有一个蓬勃发展的人体器官黑市。器官买卖是否应该合法化并纳入地上经济?还是说,把人体及其器官仅仅当作商品就有本质上的错误?
我可以卖掉我的房子,我做的东西,我提供的服务。那我为什么不能卖掉我的一个肾呢?禁止出售人体器官的哲学依据是什么?存在一个(非法)人体器官市场;难道我们不应该相信市场的智慧,让它合法吗?或者这样做会损害个人和生命的尊严吗?Ken and John dissect the issues with Stanford Philosopher Debra Satz, author ofWhy Some Things Should Not Be for Sale: On The Limits of Markets.
John and Ken start out by listing some dizzying statistics – in 2006, 6000 people in the US died awaiting organ transplant and only about half of those who could donate, did. They review a brief list of reasons for and against selling organs: aiding the financially-needy (who are willing to sell organs for money) and the organ-needy one the one hand, violating donor’s personhood and exploiting the poor on the other.
黛布拉·萨茨加入了肯和约翰的谈话,他们开始思考为什么器官市场的运行应该遵循效率原则之外的任何东西。这些考虑是否如此强烈,以至于认为根本不应该有市场?在强调反对器官市场的道德原因的同时,黛布拉指出,由于器官市场几乎从未被合法化,关于器官市场在现实世界中是如何运作的没有太多可靠的数据。
Ken and John then ask Debra about some of apparent inconsistencies of outlawing an organ market. If people may donate blood, then why not organs? Given that there are many individual cases in which organ donation is noble, why does it become smarmy when the market gets involved? Debra recaps some of the best arguments for an organ market, but also draws some bottom lines: in particular, the percentage of donors who regretted selling their organs, after the fact, when there was a legalized organ market in India.
约翰,肯和黛布拉最后探讨了器官市场最好的可能版本是什么,如果有这样的市场的话。在美国,个人死后必须“选择”接受器官捐赠;在欧洲,个人必须选择退出。为什么我们不应该拥有后者呢?黛布拉建议建立实物期货市场,个人或他们的家庭通过未来的实物捐赠而不是金钱支付。Ken和John讨论了单一买家和分销商系统。他们最后强调了问题的复杂性和复杂性。