A new multi-level hierarchy of ethics and morality

03 April 2015

最近公布了一种新的多层次的伦理和道德模型,如下面的图表所示。在这个系统中定义的独特的美德和价值观清单都在直观的层面上相互联系,表明了一种明确的潜在凝聚力。这种创新背后的关键因素是通信理论(Communications Theory)这个新兴领域的直接结果,它借鉴了元视角(meta-perspective)的关键概念,即基于另一种观点的更高阶视角:图式地定义为“我是这样看你的——看我的。”事实上,似乎没有任何概念上的障碍限制反射作为自身基础的程度,最终扩展到10阶的元抽象层次。更高的美德、价值和理想作为子集共同建立在这个元视角的层次中,每一个更抽象的列表建立在它所取代的基础上。

例如,基本美德(谨慎-正义-节制-坚韧),神学美德(信仰-希望-慈善-正派),以及古典希腊价值观(美-真-善-智慧)。这些传统伦理的每一组都被进一步细分为四个附属术语的复杂组合,允许在元视角的层次中精确地点对点堆叠。当更多的伦理术语组合在一起时:即公民自由(天意-自由-文明-节俭),人文价值(和平-爱-宁静-平等),神秘价值(狂喜-幸福-欢乐-和谐)等等;the complete ten level hierarchy of metaperspectives emerges in full detail, partially reproduced in the table immediately below:

...........

GLORY------PRUDENCE
PROVIDENCE--FAITH
GRACE--BEAUTY
TRANQUILITY--ECSTASY

HONOR-------JUSTICE
LIBERTY------HOPE
FREE WILL---TRUTH
EQUALITY----BLISS

DIGNITY--TEMPERANCE
CIVILITY---CHARITY
MAGNANIMITY-GOODNESS
LOVE--------JOY

INTEGRITY--FORTITUDE
AUSTERITY--DECENCY
EQUANIMITY---WISDOM
PEACE---HARMONY

...........

This cohesive hierarchy of virtues, values, and ideals proves exceedingly comprehensive in scope, accounting for virtually every major ethical term celebrated within the Western ethical tradition. Indeed, it proves easy to gain a sense of the trend towards increasing abstraction when scanning each of the individually depicted lines from top to bottom. These traditional, four-part groupings line up perfectly within this hierarchy of metaperspectives, making it exceedingly unlikely that such a hierarchy could have arisen solely by chance. Indeed, this ethical hierarchy mirrors the specialization of personal, group, spiritual, humanitarian, and transcendental realms within human society in general: which when further specialized into both authority and follower roles, accounts for the complete ten-level hierarchy of ethical terms.

然而,这种美德体系很难说是全部;因为这进一步证明了完全基于本能基础的伦理等级是可能的:在本能状态(即奖励、宽容、欲望、厌恶)的更基本补充上,更高的美德和价值被视为更高级的元视角。根据这一基本模式,奖励恰当地遵循了食欲类型的行为,而宽恕同样与厌恶行为相关。当在元视角格式中进一步扩展时,剩余的更高级别的美德和价值组会整齐地进入焦点。事实上,除了权威和追随者角色的双重专业化之外,道德术语的特征四部分模式完全可以用这种与条件作用理论的行为结合来解释。

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